This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. O2, monitoring and observation avoid hyperventilation as this worsens the alkalaemia. Critical Care Compendium. Chris Nickson. His one great achievement is being the father of two amazing children. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits.
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Urinary K and the presence or absence of hypertension help differentiate the chloride-unresponsive alkaloses. Tests in patients with hypertension typically include plasma renin activity and aldosterone and cortisol levels see Diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome Diagnosis Cushing syndrome is a constellation of clinical abnormalities caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related corticosteroids.
Cushing disease is Cushing syndrome that results from Symptoms and signs include episodic weakness Underlying conditions are treated, with particular attention paid to correction of hypovolemia and hypokalemia. Patients with chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis are given 0. Dosage is 0.
Frequent monitoring of ABGs and electrolytes is needed. The most common causes are volume depletion particularly when involving loss of gastric acid and chloride Cl due to recurrent vomiting or nasogastric suction and diuretic use. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge.
This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Common Health Topics. Videos Figures Images Quizzes Symptoms. Symptoms and Signs. Key Points. Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders. Alkaline is the opposite of acidic. Our bodies function best when the acidic-alkaline balance of our blood is just slightly tilted toward the alkaline. Metabolic alkalosis is one of the four main types of alkalosis.
There are two kinds of metabolic alkalosis:. Your body compensates for both alkalosis and acidosis mainly through your lungs. The lungs change the alkalinity of your blood by allowing more or less carbon dioxide to escape as you breathe.
The kidneys also play a role by controlling the elimination of bicarbonate ions. Treatment for metabolic alkalosis depends on whether your alkalosis is chloride-responsive or chloride-resistant. It also depends on the underlying cause of the alkalosis.
If you have only a mild chloride-responsive alkalosis, you may only need to make an adjustment in your diet, such as increasing your intake of salt sodium chloride. The chloride ions will make your blood more acidic and reduce the alkalosis. If your doctor determines your alkalosis needs immediate attention, they may give you an IV intravenous drip containing a saline solution sodium chloride.
An IV is an almost painless procedure. It involves inserting a small needle into a vein in your arm. The needle is connected by a tube to a sterile bag containing salt dissolved in water. This is usually done in a hospital setting. If you have chloride-resistant alkalosis, your body may be depleted of potassium. Your doctor will instead look for ways to increase potassium.
Metabolic alkalosis may not show any symptoms. People with this type of alkalosis more often complain of the underlying conditions that are causing it. These can include:. Our body produces carbon dioxide when we convert the food we eat into energy in our cells. The red blood cells in our veins take up the carbon dioxide and carry it to our lungs to be exhaled. When the carbon dioxide gas mixes with the water in the blood, it forms a mild acid, called carbonic acid.
The carbonic acid then breaks apart into the bicarbonate ion and hydrogen. Bicarbonate ions are alkaline. By changing the rate of breathing, we can raise or lower the concentration of alkaline bicarbonate ions that are retained in our blood.
The body does this automatically in the process called respiratory compensation. The kidneys can help combat alkalosis by increasing the excretion of bicarbonate ions through the urine. Loss of stomach acids. This is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis. The gastric juices have a high content of hydrochloric acid, a strong acid. Its loss causes an increase in the alkalinity of the blood.
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